The second type of BJT is formed from pnp doped regions as
Differences between pnp and npn BJTs are:
• Biasing voltages are applied oppositely to the npn, though
still forward biasing EBJ and reverse biasing the CBJ for
active mode operation, for example.
• Current is primarily composed of holes (in the p type
regions) rather than electrons as in the npn BJT.
• The current direction conventions are iE into the emitter
while iC and iB are out from the device.The circuit symbol for the pnp BJT is
Once again, the filled arrow is always located on the emitter and helps us to remember the direction of the emitter current. Notice that the currents are pointed in opposite directions compared to the npn BJT.
For biasing in the active mode, a possible circuit is
As with the npn, for the pnp BJT in the active mode and with the current convention shown above
Consequently, we need to only memorize this one set of
equations for use with both npn and pnp BJTs, plus the current conventions for these two BJTs. Examples
We’ll now consider a few examples of the DC analysis of npn and pnp BJT circuits.Examples We’ll now consider a few examples of the DC analysis of npn and pnp BJT circuits. Example N11.1 (text example 5.1). Design the following circuit so that Ic =2 mA and Vc5 = V. For this particular transistor, ß = 100 and 0.7 Vbe = V at Ic =1 mA.
The “design” of this circuit is to determine the RC and RE that provide the specified IC and VC.
For ic=2 MA , than
We’re assuming that the transistor is in the active mode with theEBJ forward biased and the CBJ reversed biased.
For the forward biased EBJ junction,
It’s given that at IC = 1 mA, VBE = 0.7 V. What is VBE when IC = 2 mA? Using (6) for two
different iC and vBE we find that
Therefore,
For this particular case,
This is not much of an increase from 0.7 V, which is what we typically observe when the BJT is in the active mode.
Consequently, ve=-0.717v
We can use this emitter current to select the proper resistor
or
That completes the design. One last thing, though. Notice how small the base current IB is relative to IC and IE: Ib= Ic-Ie = 20µA. This is typical of BJTs operating in the active mode.
Example N11.2 (text exercise 5.10). Determine IE, IB, IC, and VC in the circuit below if ß = 50 and VE = -0.7 V.
Because VB = 0, then the given VE means the BJT may be
operating in the active mode since VBE = 0.7 V. (It could also be operating in the saturation mode.) We’ll assume active mode operation for now, and confirm this ssumption when we’re finished.
(i) Compute IE.
(ii) Compute IE.
(iii) Compute IB.
(iv) Compute VC. Vc=10-5,000.ic=5.45v
Note that since Vcb =Vc- Vb = 4.45-0=5.45V is greater than zero (thus reverse biasing the CBJ) and the EBJ is forward biased, the npn BJT is indeed operating in the active mode, as assumed. Example N11.3 (text exercise 5.11). Given that VB = 1.0 V and VE = 1.7 V, determine a (and ß) for the transistor in the circuit below. Also calculate VC.Using
Because V eb= V e-V b = 0.7 V, the pnp transistor may be
operating in the active mode, which is what we will assume.
(i) Determine a and ß. We’ll use the relationships i c ia e = and i c iß b = to determine a and ß.
Note that this VC means that the CBJ is reversed biased by thevoltage 1.0- (-1.75) 2.75 = V. Hence, the active mode
operation for the pnp BJT is the proper assumption since we’ve already determined that the EBJ is forward biased.
|
|
